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• Preface
◦ Format of Recipes ◦ Assumptions, Scope, and Exclusions ◦ Typographical Conventions ◦ Versions, Latest Edition, and Errata ◦ Acknowledgments
• PART ONE: Working with Linux • Introduction
◦ Background and History
▪ What's Unix? ▪ What's Free Software? ▪ What's Open Source? ▪ What's Linux? ▪ What's Debian? ▪ Unix and the Tools Philosophy
◦ What to Try First ◦ If You Need More Help
• What Every Linux User Knows
◦ Controlling Power to the System
▪ Powering Up the System ▪ Turning Off the System
◦ Accounts and Privileges
▪ Logging In to the System ▪ Logging Out of the System
◦ Console Basics
▪ Switching between Consoles ▪ Scrolling the Console Text ▪ Keys for Console Manipulation
◦ Running a Command ◦ Changing Your Password ◦ Listing User Activity
▪ Listing Your Username ▪ Listing Who Is on the System ▪ Listing Who Is on and What They're Doing ▪ Listing the Last Times a User Logged In
◦ Listing System Activity
▪ Listing Your Current Processes ▪ Listing All of a User's Processes ▪ Listing All Processes on the System ▪ Listing Processes by Name or Number
◦ Help Facilities
▪ Finding the Right Tool for the Job ▪ Listing a Description of a Program ▪ Listing the Usage of a Tool ▪ Reading a Page from the System Manual ▪ Using the GNU Info System ▪ Reading System Documentation and Help Files
• The Shell
◦ Keys for Command Line Editing
▪ Passing Special Characters to Commands ▪ Letting the Shell Complete What You Type ▪ Repeating the Last Command You Typed ▪ Running a List of Commands
◦ Redirecting Input and Output
▪ Redirecting Input to a File ▪ Redirecting Output to a File ▪ Redirecting Error Messages to a File ▪ Redirecting Output to Another Command's Input
◦ Managing Jobs
▪ Suspending a Job ▪ Putting a Job in the Background ▪ Putting a Job in the Foreground ▪ Listing Your Jobs ▪ Stopping a Job
◦ Command History
▪ Viewing Your Command History ▪ Specifying a Command from Your History
◦ Recording a Shell Session ◦ Customizing Your Shell
▪ Changing the Shell Prompt ▪ Making a Command Alias ▪ Adding to Your Path ▪ Customizing Future Shells
• The X Window System
◦ Running X
▪ Starting X ▪ Stopping X
◦ Running a Program in X
▪ Specifying Window Size and Location ▪ Specifying Window Colors ▪ Specifying Window Font ▪ Specifying Additional Window Attributes
◦ Manipulating X Client Windows
▪ Moving a Window ▪ Resizing a Window ▪ Destroying a Window ▪ Minimizing a Window ▪ Maximizing a Window
◦ Moving around the Desktop ◦ Running a Shell in X ◦ Configuring X
▪ Switching between Video Modes ▪ Running X Clients Automatically ▪ Changing the Root Window Parameters ▪ Choosing a Window Manager
• PART TWO: Files • Files and Directories
◦ Naming Files and Directories
▪ Making an Empty File ▪ Making a Directory ▪ Making a Directory Tree
◦ Changing Directories
▪ Changing to Your Home Directory ▪ Changing to the Last Directory You Visited ▪ Getting the Name of the Current Directory
◦ Listing Directories
▪ Listing File Attributes ▪ Listing Directories Recursively ▪ Listing Newest Files First ▪ Listing Hidden Files ▪ Listing Directories in Color ▪ Listing Directory Tree Graphs ▪ Additional Directory Listing Options
◦ Copying Files and Directories ◦ Moving Files and Directories
▪ Changing File Names to Lowercase ▪ Renaming Multiple Files with the Same Extension
◦ Removing Files and Directories
▪ Removing a File with a Strange Name ▪ A Safe Way to Remove a File
◦ Giving a File More than One Name ◦ Specifying File Names with Patterns ◦ Browsing Files
• Sharing Files
◦ Groups and How to Work in Them
▪ Listing the Groups a User Belongs To ▪ Listing the Members of a Group
◦ File Ownership
▪ Determining the Ownership of a File ▪ Changing the Ownership of a File
◦ Controlling Access to Files
▪ Listing the Permissions of a File ▪ Changing the Permissions of a File ▪ Write-Protecting a File ▪ Making a File Private ▪ Making a File Public ▪ Making a File Executable
• Finding Files
◦ Finding All Files That Match a Pattern ◦ Finding Files in a Directory Tree
▪ Finding Files in a Directory Tree by Name ▪ Finding Files in a Directory Tree by Size ▪ Finding Files in a Directory Tree by Modification Time ▪ Finding Files in a Directory Tree by Owner ▪ Running Commands on the Files You Find ▪ Finding Files by Multiple Criteria
◦ Finding Files in Directory Listings
▪ Finding the Largest Files in a Directory ▪ Finding the Smallest Files in a Directory ▪ Finding the Smallest Directories ▪ Finding the Largest Directories ▪ Finding the Number of Files in a Listing
◦ Finding Where a Command Is Located
• Managing Files
◦ Determining File Type and Format ◦ Changing File Modification Time ◦ Splitting a File into Smaller Ones ◦ Comparing Files
▪ Determining Whether Two Files Differ ▪ Finding the Differences between Files ▪ Patching a File with a Difference Report
◦ Compressed Files
▪ Compressing a File ▪ Decompressing a File
◦ File Archives
▪ Creating a File Archive ▪ Listing the Contents of an Archive ▪ Extracting Files from an Archive
◦ Tracking Revisions to a File
▪ Checking In a File Revision ▪ Checking Out a File Revision ▪ Viewing a File's Revision Log
• PART THREE: Text • Viewing Text
◦ Perusing Text
▪ Perusing a Text File ▪ Perusing Multiple Text Files ▪ Commands Available While Perusing Text
◦ Outputting Text
▪ Showing Non-printing Characters ▪ Outputting a Beginning Part of a Text ▪ Outputting an Ending Part of a Text ▪ Outputting a Middle Part of a Text ▪ Outputting the Text between Strings ▪ Outputting Text in a Dialect
◦ Streaming Text ◦ Viewing a Character Chart
• Text Editing
◦ Choosing the Perfect Text Editor ◦ Emacs
▪ Getting Acquainted with Emacs ▪ Basic Emacs Editing Keys ▪ Making Abbreviations in Emacs ▪ Recording and Running Macros in Emacs ▪ Inserting Special Characters in Emacs
◦ Running a Vi Tutorial ◦ Selecting Text
▪ Cutting Text ▪ Pasting Text
◦ Editing Streams of Text ◦ Concatenating Text
▪ Writing Text to Files ▪ Appending Text to a File ▪ Inserting Text at the Beginning of a File
◦ Including Text Files
• Grammar and Reference
◦ Spelling
▪ Finding the Correct Spelling of a Word ▪ Listing the Misspellings in a Text ▪ Keeping a Spelling Word List ▪ Interactive Spell Checking ▪ Spell Checking in Emacs
◦ Dictionaries
▪ Listing Words that Match a Pattern ▪ Listing the Definitions of a Word ▪ Listing the Synonyms of a Word ▪ Listing the Antonyms of a Word ▪ Listing the Hypernyms of a Word ▪ Online Dictionaries
◦ Checking Grammar
▪ Checking Text for Misused Phrases ▪ Checking Text for Doubled Words ▪ Checking Text for Readability ▪ Checking Text for Difficult Sentences ▪ Checking Text for Long Sentences
◦ Word Lists and Reference Files
• Analyzing Text
◦ Counting Text
▪ Counting the Characters in a Text ▪ Counting the Words in a Text ▪ Counting the Lines in a Text ▪ Counting the Occurrences of Something ▪ Counting Lines per Page in Emacs
◦ Making a Concordance of a Text ◦ Text Relevance
▪ Sorting Text in Order of Relevance ▪ Listing Relevant Files in Emacs
◦ Finding Anagrams in Text ◦ Finding Palindromes in Text ◦ Text Cut-Ups
▪ Making Simple Text Cut-Ups ▪ Making Random Word Cut-Ups ▪ Making Cut-Ups in Emacs
• Formatting Text
◦ Spacing Text
▪ Eliminating Extra Spaces in Text ▪ Single-Spacing Text ▪ Double-Spacing Text ▪ Triple-Spacing Text ▪ Adding Line Breaks to Text ▪ Adding Margins to Text ▪ Swapping Tab and Space Characters
◦ Paginating Text
▪ Placing Headers on Each Page ▪ Placing Text in Columns ▪ Options Available When Paginating Text
◦ Underlining Text ◦ Sorting Text ◦ Numbering Lines of Text ◦ Reversing Text
• Searching Text
◦ Searching for a Word or Phrase ◦ Regular Expressions -- Matching Text Patterns
▪ Matching Lines Beginning with Certain Text ▪ Matching Lines Ending with Certain Text ▪ Matching Lines of a Certain Length ▪ Matching Lines That Contain Any of Some Regexps ▪ Matching Lines That Contain All of Some Regexps ▪ Matching Lines That Don't Contain a Regexp ▪ Matching Lines That Only Contain Certain Characters ▪ Finding Phrases Regardless of Spacing ▪ Finding Patterns in Certain Contexts ▪ Using a List of Regexps to Match From ▪ Regexps for Common Situations
◦ Searching More than Plain Text Files
▪ Matching Lines in Compressed Files ▪ Matching Lines in Web Pages
◦ Outputting the Context of a Search ◦ Searching and Replacing Text ◦ Searching Text in Emacs
▪ Searching Incrementally in Emacs ▪ Searching for a Phrase in Emacs ▪ Searching for a Regexp in Emacs ▪ Searching and Replacing in Emacs
◦ Searching Text in Less
• Typesetting and Word Processing
◦ Choosing the Right Typesetting System for the Job ◦ Converting Plain Text for Output
▪ Outputting Text in a Font ▪ Outputting Text as a Poster or Sign ▪ Outputting Text with Language Highlighting ▪ Outputting Text with Fancy Headers ▪ Outputting Text in Landscape Orientation ▪ Outputting Multiple Copies of Text ▪ Selecting the Pages of Text to Output ▪ Additional PostScript Output Options
◦ LyX Document Processing
▪ Features of LyX ▪ Writing Documents with LyX ▪ Learning More about LyX
◦ Typesetting with TeX and Friends
▪ Is It a TeX or LaTeX File? ▪ Processing TeX Files ▪ Processing LaTeX Files ▪ Writing Documents with TeX and LaTeX ▪ TeX and LaTeX Document Templates
◦ Writing Documents with SGMLtools
▪ Elements of an SGML Document ▪ Checking SGML Document Syntax ▪ Generating Output from SGML
◦ Other Word Processors and Typesetting Systems
• Fonts
◦ X Fonts
▪ Selecting an X Font Name ▪ Listing Available X Fonts ▪ Displaying the Characters in an X Font ▪ Resizing the Xterm Font
◦ Console Fonts
▪ Setting the Console Font ▪ Displaying the Characters in a Console Font
◦ Text Fonts
▪ Horizontal Text Fonts ▪ Making a Text Banner
◦ Other Font Tools
• PART FOUR: Images • Viewing Images
◦ Previewing Print Files
▪ Previewing a DVI File ▪ Previewing a PostScript File ▪ Previewing a PDF File
◦ Viewing an Image in X
▪ Browsing Image Collections in X ▪ Putting an Image in the Root Window
◦ Browsing Images in a Console ◦ Viewing an Image in a Web Browser ◦ Browsing PhotoCD Archives ◦ Additional Image Viewers
• Editing Images
◦ Transforming Images
▪ Changing the Size of an Image ▪ Rotating an Image ▪ Adjusting the Colors of an Image ▪ Annotating an Image ▪ Adding Borders to an Image ▪ Making an Image Montage ▪ Combining Images ▪ Morphing Two Images Together
◦ Converting Images between Formats ◦ Editing Images with the GIMP ◦ Interactive Image Editors and Tools
• Importing Images
◦ Taking Screen Shots
▪ Taking a Screen Shot in X ▪ Taking a Screen Shot in a Console
◦ Scanning Images
▪ Listing Available Scanner Devices ▪ Testing a Scanner ▪ Scanning an Image
◦ Extracting PhotoCD Images
▪ Converting a PhotoCD Image ▪ Removing PhotoCD Haze
• PostScript
◦ Manipulating PostScript Pages
▪ Extracting DVI Pages to PostScript ▪ Extracting Pages from a PostScript File ▪ Combining PostScript Pages ▪ Arranging PostScript Pages in Signatures
◦ Manipulating PostScript Documents
▪ Resizing a PostScript Document ▪ Combining PostScript Documents ▪ Arranging a PostScript Document in a Booklet
◦ Converting PostScript
▪ Converting PostScript to PDF ▪ Converting PostScript to Plain Text
• PART FIVE: Sound • Sound Files
◦ Sound File Formats ◦ Adjusting the Audio Controls
▪ Listing the Current Audio Settings ▪ Changing the Volume Level ▪ Muting an Audio Device ▪ Selecting an Audio Recording Source
◦ Playing a Sound File
▪ Playing an MP3 File ▪ Playing a MIDI File
◦ Recording a Sound File ◦ Other Sound File Tools
• Audio Compact Discs
◦ Controlling CD Audio
▪ Playing an Audio CD ▪ Pausing an Audio CD ▪ Stopping an Audio CD ▪ Shuffling Audio CD Tracks ▪ Displaying Information about an Audio CD ▪ Ejecting an Audio CD
◦ Sampling Sound from a CD ◦ Writing an Audio CD-R ◦ Other Audio CD Applications
• Editing Sound Files
◦ Working with Selections from Sound Files
▪ Cutting Out Part of a Sound File ▪ Pasting a Selection of Sound ▪ Mixing Sound Files Together
◦ Sound Effects
▪ Changing the Amplitude of a Sound File ▪ Changing the Sampling Rate of a Sound File ▪ Adding Reverb to a Sound File ▪ Adding Echo to a Sound File ▪ Adding Flange to a Sound File ▪ Adding Phase to a Sound File ▪ Adding Chorus to a Sound File ▪ Adding Vibro-Champ Effects to a Sound File ▪ Reversing a Sound File
◦ Converting Sound Files
▪ Making an MP3 File ▪ Converting MP3 to Another Format
◦ Other Tools for Sound Editing
• PART SIX: Productivity • Disk Storage
◦ Listing a Disk's Free Space ◦ Listing a File's Disk Usage ◦ Floppy Disks
▪ Formatting a Floppy Disk ▪ Mounting a Floppy Disk ▪ Unmounting a Floppy Disk
◦ CD-ROMs
▪ Mounting a CD-ROM ▪ Unmounting a CD-ROM
• Printing
◦ Making and Managing Print Jobs
▪ Sending a Print Job to the Printer ▪ Printing Multiple Copies of a Job ▪ Listing Your Print Jobs ▪ Cancelling a Print Job
◦ More Recipes for Printing
▪ Printing in Emacs ▪ Printing with Dvips ▪ Printing the Contents of an Xterm Window
◦ Preparing Files for Printing
▪ Preparing a PostScript File for Printing ▪ Preparing a DVI File for Printing ▪ Preparing a PDF File for Printing ▪ Preparing a Man Page for Printing
• Cross-Platform Conversions
◦ Using DOS and Windows Disks
▪ Listing the Contents of a DOS Disk ▪ Copying Files to and from a DOS Disk ▪ Deleting Files on a DOS Disk ▪ Formatting a DOS Disk
◦ Using Macintosh Disks
▪ Specifying the Macintosh Disk to Use ▪ Listing the Contents of a Macintosh Disk ▪ Copying Files to and from a Macintosh Disk ▪ Deleting Files on a Macintosh Disk ▪ Formatting a Macintosh Disk
◦ Converting Text Files between DOS and Linux ◦ Converting Microsoft Word Files
▪ Converting Word to LaTeX ▪ Converting Word to Plain Text
• Reminders
◦ Displaying the Date and Time ◦ Playing an Audible Time Announcement ◦ Calendars
▪ Displaying a Calendar ▪ Displaying a Calendar in Emacs
◦ Managing Appointments
▪ Making an Appointment File ▪ Including Holidays in Your Reminders ▪ Automatic Appointment Delivery
◦ Contact Managers
▪ Keeping a Free-Form Address List ▪ Keeping a Contact Manager Database
◦ Reminding Yourself of Things
▪ Sending Yourself Email Reminders ▪ Reminding Yourself When You Have to Leave ▪ Running a Command on a Delay
• Mathematics
◦ Calculating Arithmetic
▪ Making a Quick Arithmetic Calculation ▪ Making Many Arithmetic Calculations
◦ Outputting a Random Number ◦ Listing a Sequence of Numbers ◦ Finding Prime Factors ◦ Converting Numbers
▪ Converting an Amount between Units of Measurement ▪ Converting an Arabic Numeral to English
◦ Other Math Tools
• PART SEVEN: Networking • Communications
◦ Connecting to the Internet
▪ Setting Up PPP ▪ Controlling a PPP Connection
◦ Faxing
▪ Sending a Fax ▪ Receiving a Fax ▪ Receiving Faxes Automatically ▪ Converting to and from Fax Format
◦ Calling Out on a Modem
• Email
◦ Sending Mail
▪ Mailing a User on the Same System ▪ Mailing a File or the Output of a Command ▪ Mailing the Contents of a URL ▪ Special Mail Composition Keystrokes
◦ Receiving Mail
▪ Deleting Mail ▪ Options Available while Reading Mail
◦ Managing Mail
▪ Viewing a Mail Folder ▪ Setting Notification for New Mail ▪ Counting How Many Messages You Have ▪ Seeing Who Your Mail Is From ▪ Verifying an Email Address
◦ Mail Attachments
▪ Reading a Mail Attachment ▪ Sending a Mail Attachment
◦ Making an Email Signature ◦ Picking the Right Mail Application
• The World Wide Web
◦ Browsing the Web
▪ Maintaining a List of Visited Web Sites ▪ Opening a URL from a Script ▪ Mozilla Browsing Tips
◦ Viewing an Image from the Web ◦ Reading Text from the Web
▪ Perusing Text from the Web ▪ Viewing a Site That Requires Authorization ▪ Options Available while Browsing Text
◦ Browsing the Web in Emacs ◦ Getting Files from the Web
▪ Saving a URL to a File ▪ Archiving an Entire Web Site ▪ Archiving Part of a Web Site ▪ Reading the Headers of a Web Page
◦ Writing HTML
▪ Adding Parameters to Image Tags ▪ Converting HTML to Another Format ▪ Validating an HTML File
◦ More Web Browsers and Tools
• Other Internet Services
◦ Connecting to Another System
▪ Suspending a Connection with Another System ▪ Connecting to Another System with Encryption
◦ Transferring Files with Another System
▪ Uploading a File ▪ Downloading a File
◦ Reading Usenet
▪ Choosing a Newsreader ▪ Finding Newsgroups for a Topic
◦ Listing Online System and User Activity
▪ Checking Whether a System Is Online ▪ Checking Whether a User Is Online ▪ Listing Who Is Logged In to a System ▪ Finding the IP Address of a Host Name ▪ Finding the Host Name of an IP Address ▪ Listing the Owner of a Domain Name
◦ Sending a Message to Another User's Terminal ◦ Chatting with Other Users
▪ Chatting Directly with a User ▪ Chatting with Users on IRC ▪ Chatting with Users on ICQ
• Administrative Issues
◦ Linux and Hardware Compatibility ◦ Shutting Down the System
▪ Shutting Down Immediately ▪ Shutting Down at a Certain Time ▪ Cancelling a Shutdown
◦ Installing Software
▪ Getting and Installing Debian ▪ Installing a Debian Package ▪ Upgrading a Debian Package ▪ Installing a Shell Script
◦ Administrating Users
▪ Making a User Account ▪ Letting Users Access Hardware Peripherals ▪ Letting Users Mount Drives
◦ Displaying Information about the System
▪ How Long Has the System Been Up? ▪ What Version of Linux Am I Running? ▪ What Version of Debian Am I Running?
• Linux Resources on the Web • License
◦ Design Science License ◦ Applying Copyleft to Your Work
• Program Index

Copyright 2001 Michael Stutz All rights reserved